Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perception of Teaching Profession Problems Scale

The Westerner vs “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky”

Claire Schneider Joseph Libis English 1002 May 30, 2009 Two works of Literature, â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, the short story, and â€Å"The Westerner†, the film, attempt to pass on the human progress of the old west, which takes into consideration settlement and improvement of customary American qualities, which are related with genuine and persevering individuals in the West Texas boondocks. Albeit, one of these works makes a superior showing of passing on generally speaking theme.Between â€Å"The Bride comes to Yellow Sky† and â€Å"The Westerner†, I would state that â€Å"The Westerner made a superior showing of acculturating on the Western boondocks. All through the film, it appeared as they were continually contending with one another, yet at long last Jane Ellen Mathews, and Carl Hardin became companions. One approach to demonstrate this would be that Carl had said that he thought Jane Ellen’s hair was the most excellent hair he ha d ever observed. He needed to keep a lock of her hair.To me, that says a great deal on the off chance that you need to keep a lock of about ones hair. There was a scene in which there was a play in which Judge Roy Bean bought the entirety of the tickets for. Before the play started, Carl Hardin showed up, and they began to have a shooting match. I’m not certain what the explanation was. After a long match, the two of them chose to call it even and make up. It’s constantly extraordinary when motion pictures end up having an incredible consummation. Two of the characters, Jane Ellen, and Carl Hardin, needed to have a home together.In Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, two individuals have quite recently gotten hitched, and are ready a train to Yellow Sky. At the point when they show up back in Yellow Sky, they surge towards Jack Potter’s house, however they see, on their way six men sitting at a bar, and a man comes out and reports that Scratchy Wilson has been drinking o nce more. In the earliest reference point of â€Å"The Westerner† there were men sitting at a bar drinking. This would be one likeness that the two works of writing share.

Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topicWhy is it important

Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topicWhy is it important Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topic:Why is it important for leader performance achievement to be measured reported â€" Assignment Example > Measuring and Reporting Leaders’ Performance and Achievement Measuring and Reporting Leaders’ Performance and Achievement Organizations that perform well usually develop and set out effective performance measurement for its leaders. Performance measurement helps an organization in evaluating their programs, processes and employees. Key performance indicators evaluate progress of programs and processes for achieving an organization’s goals and objectives. The paper provides a critical analysis of the work of Anil Toraty on the reasons for carrying out performance and achievement measurement in an organization. Anil approaches the topic with a focus on three major areas that include measurement, reporting and importance of performance and achievement to leaders. Measurement of Performance and Achievement Anil fails to introduce the topic under discussion. A brief paragraph should introduce the topic and extensively expound on it, which gives the reader an insight on what the paper presents. The introduction used in this critique offers a suggestion on how to introduce the topic on performance and achievement measurement. It is prudent to discuss the subtopics only after introducing the main topic. The reader is unable to link the idea of measuring performance with the topic under discussion at this stage. Poor referencing appears in the second sentence of the introductory section. A good suggestion could be that Mitzberg, Kotter and Spitzer extensively wrote on the importance of conducting performance measurement within business organizations. Anil does not give a clear explanation of how measuring the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) makes performance visible. First, there should be an explanation on what Key Performance Indicators are. According to Spitzer (2007, p. 40), KPIs ar e precise measurements reflecting the critical success factor of business. KPIs vary depending on the organization, and are usually long-term. Instead of just making shallow statement that KPIs make performance visible, a brief discussion on functions of KPIs is appropriate. KPIs provide business leaders with measurable standards that they can use to track the progress and implement changes in an organization (Frederickson Frederickson 2006, p. 39). KPIs find their use mostly when businesses perform strategic planning. In the process of carrying out strategic planning, KPIs helps to benchmark the business’ current performance. Even though the preceding sentences attempt to elaborate more on the significance of performance measurement, Anil does not give proper explanation on this area. Measuring performance benefits the business in many ways. First, it helps in identifying if the business is meeting the needs of customers (Spitzer 2007, p. 58). Second, it helps in understanding the processes in an organization, which then can make chief executive officers to be aware of problems in an organization. In addition, performance measurement points out areas that need improvement, hence ensures accomplishment of organizational goal and objectives. Anil’s paper fails to address measurement of achievement. The first section only discuses measurement of performance, but it should to be in one section. Addressing measurement of achievement gives a comparison between the two in terms of their significance in a business organization. According to Marshall and Marshall, 2011, measuring achievement bases on the results of business processes (p. 18). Therefore, measuring achievement helps an organization identify accomplished goals and objectives. Reporting of Performance and Achievement A detailed discussion is evident in the section of reporting performance and achievement. The section shows facts on every detail. Moreover, Anil uses Harvard Business Review to enhance the reader’s understanding of reporting leader’s performance and achievement. Reporting leader’s performance and achievements involve listing the names of top managers and other executive officers of a different organization (Marshall Marshall 2011, p. 10). There are establishments that specifically do this work, for instance the Harvard Business Review as outlined in Anil’s paper. Although Anil’s discussion on this section is good, purpose for reporting leader’s performance does not come out clearly. Anil, should state that reporting leader’s performance and achievement is mainly to motivate the best performing executive officers in an organization. Individuals feel motivated if they receive appreciation for a job well done. Importance of Measuring and Reporting Leader’s Performance The final section of the paper is equally good and gives a detailed explanation on the importance of measuring and reporting performance and achievement in an organization. However, the paper ought to provide further explanations on how measuring and reporting leader’s performance help in the formulation of organizational visions and goals (Institute of Medicine 2006, p. 329). Leaders with demonstrated managerial skills can formulate goals and objectives to ensure success of the business. It is important to discuss that measuring leader’ performance acts to motivate them to continue striving and maintain the high operation standards already established. The content of Anil’s paper is relatively exhaustive on discussing the topic of measuring and reporting of leaders’ performance with an organization. In addition, there are instances of improper referencing in Anil’s paper as criticized above. Bibliography Frederickson, D Frederickson, G 2006, Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State, Georgetown University Press, Washington. Institute of Medicine 2006,  Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement, National Academies Press, Washington D. C. Marshall, E. Marshall, E 2011, Transformational Leadership in Nursing: From Expert Clinician to Influential Leader, Springer, New York. Spitzer, D 2007,  Transforming Performance Measurement: Rethinking the Way We Measure and Drive Organizational Success, Amacom, New York.

Poverty in Chicago Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Hitler as a military leader Simply by mentioning Adolf Hitler’s has the instantaneous effect of conjuring up images of a monstrous force. Surprisingly, there was been little said about his ability as a military leader. Was the man simply conveniently described by his staff as ‘one of the greatest generals of all time’ or were the victories that the man takes responsibility for just a stroke of luck? This paper aims to evaluate and analyze the key strengths which made Hitler a successful leader and the weaknesses that constituted to flaws in his leadership style. Despite the fact that his atrocities during World War 2 will always be remembered one cannot overlook the fact that Hitler did possess military strength as a leader. His uncanny ability to be able to store precise details regarding historical information, technical facts, statistics and past details, to memory served as a primary asset to plot his military strategy (Schramm, 1971). This uncanny ability co mbined with his excessive reading hobby compensated for his lack of education. Irving, who highlights this enhanced retentive ability that Hitler possessed and how advantageous it was by giving an example: After he would read through the Red Book of arms, that he received he each month, he would write down figures and run his eyes over the columns. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in Chicago or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It was after this that he would throw away the paper however the numbers stayed indelibly in his memory, year after year. One incident is reported where he was able to correct a printing error made in a current Red Book: where an eight was printed instead of a three. These columns of figures he was able to recall from the previous month’s edition. This technical ability further served him well as far as comprehending technical incidents and issues with armaments was concerned. His extensive knowledge and capabilities of weaponry benefited Germany. This can be seen in the way the idea of mounting long barrel guns in tanks was Hitler’s idea. Also he was able to point out several flaws in Germany’s warship design, particularly because it was built so low that it would have sunk below the waves in heavy seas. Furthermore his knowledge of armament, the velocity at which warships travelled, demolition, fortification and a variety of guns was an asset and great contribution to the war effort, which was even more amazing considering he had no prior education in technology. It was due to this knowledge that he could, in mere instances, analyze the enemy’s weapon systems, calculate the impact they would have and compare it to figures pertaining to their own war production (Ibid and Schramm, 1958).

William Shakespeare s Macbeth And The Throne Of Blood

Sonora Shelton Mr. Ortiz English 12 Pd. 4 March 1, 2017 Unit 3: Comparison Essay Shakespearean literature has impacted and inspired many audiences throughout it’s course through time. It’s influences and messages spread throughout the world, to be adopted and remade in many different cultures. One example is the Japanese samurai movie, â€Å"Throne of Blood,† which was based off of Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Macbeth.† The Throne of Blood and Macbeth’s characters have striking similarities, but many differences that give each piece their own individuality. Macbeth and Washizu, (the Japanese inspired Macbeth character), in the beginning both encountered the supernatural set in a forest. Each supernatural being and beings gave prophecies to the†¦show more content†¦Both characters were murdered from their fatal flaw, ambition. Contrarily, by whom and the manner in which they were murdered deviated from one another. Both Macbeth and Washizu were under attack from just like the third apparition prophesied. Macduff’s and Malcolm’s army moved in on Dunsinane Hill, camouflaged as the Birnam Wood forest. As the battle raged on, Macduff fought Macbeth, and slew him. Macduff took Macbeth’s life at the end for vengeance. In Throne of Blood, during the battle, instead of Noriyasu directly fighting him, the King’s own men turned against him and struck arrows at Washizu, (Throne of Blood). An arrow plunged deep through his neck, and killed him. Again, both characters were killed by their vulnerabilities: desire, greed, vigor, intent, and most importantly, ambition. Lady Macbeth and Asaji both manipulated their husbands and led them astray due to their aspirations and greed themselves. Lady Macbeth used tempting words to spark the desire of Macbeth. On the other hand, Asaji, who was a very soft spoken character, said very little but used simply just her facial expressions to imply her thoughts. She concealed her intuitions, which made her husband extreme ly vulnerable. Washizu’s laudable view turned dark and ambiguous, all because his wife kept on hinting him that the seeking of crown and status was a conduct that Shelton 3 should not arouse any guilt nor pain due to her own calmness. As a lively and outspoken character,Show MoreRelatedLuis Sotelo. Mr. Ortiz. English 12. 27 February 2017. Macbeth1258 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Macbeth vs Throne of Blood In â€Å"Tthe Tragedy of Macbeth† by William Shakespeare, there is a big focus on the character itself instead of the plot of the play. Each character is of high importance to the tragedy and the developing plot that leads to Macbeth’s downfall. Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquo, and even minor characters such as the witches all mold and shape Macbeth’s fate and make it a tragic one. In the Throne of Blood (1957) by Akira Kurosawa, a reenactment of the play by Shakespeare, highRead MoreThrone Of Blood, By Akira Kurasawa1205 Words   |  5 PagesAkira Kurasawa’s film, Throne of Blood, is often viewed as an interpretation of William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth. Both works follow a similar story line and address themes that are relevant to a modern audience. One major theme in both works is the idea that absolute power corrupts mankind. William Shakespeare and Akira Kurasawa both address this theme of power corruption through the use of symbolism and emot ion. While Throne of Blood is based off of Macbeth, it is portrayed very differentlyRead MoreAdrienne Taylor. Mr. Ortiz. English 12. 27 February 2017.1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmovies. Throne of Blood is a movie based on Macbeth, a tragedy written by Shakespeare. Throne of Blood transposes the plot of Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Instead of it being Medieval Scotland, it is Feudal Japan. Macbeth is based around a warrior who becomes filled with ambition and does anything he can to get what he wants. He talks to the â€Å"Weird Sisters,† which are the three witches who give him a prophecy and from that day forward, Macbeth is filled with ambition to become king. In Throne of Blood, WashizuRead MoreGerald Deocariza Iii. Mrs. Jardine. English 3, Period 4.1161 Words   |  5 Pagesserious downfall and set as the protagonists of a dramatic tragedy. A tragic hero gets For example, William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Tragedy of Macbeth to show Macbeth’s uprisings and dow nfalls. Macbeth’s downfall results to wrong judgements that combines fate and external forces. If his downfalls does not kill him, his downfalls can cause the tragic hero to suffer for the rest of his life. Macbeth gains the utmost respect from other people; on the other hand, he also loses everything he gainedRead MoreAmbition and Death - the Story of the Renaissance in Macbeth1189 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance in Macbeth In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth s attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches, is significantly affected. In a larger sense, the theme of bad versus good kingship, embodied by Macbeth and DuncanRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth857 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare is legendary for his uses of symbolism. No other example is as evident as the bloody hands of Macbeth and his obsession with them. Macbeth has killed King Duncan and doesn’t stop there, he kills the guards making Duncan’s sons flee. This gives Macbeth the throne. However he becomes overwhelmed with the guilt. Shakespeare uses blood to show how it reminds Macbeth of the violent acts he has committed and how he has become obsessed wi th the blood on his hands. Initially the blood representsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1023 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is one the greatest writer of all time. Writing hundreds of books and scripts, Shakespeare founded his most success in his plays in the 1589-1613. One of his most popular plays is the Tragedy of Macbeth. The Tragedy of Macbeth was a turn from glory to tragedy. A story of a true tragic hero. Macbeth is a brave soldier in a war for Scotland. A tale of a great soilder that was highly praise in his kingdom turn to a tragic murderous sinful king. Macbeth kill his friends and hisRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several factors contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives h elp from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth is the ultimate story of a fight between the forces of good and evil. It tells the tale of a tragic hero whose quest for power leads to his ultimate downfall. Macbeth starts out as an honorable warrior but changes when his ambition becomes uncontrollable. As he becomes increasingly paranoid, Macbeth uses violent means to eliminate threats to his Scottish throne. As the play progresses, blood continuously plays a part in the events as the murders become more frequent. William ShakespeareRead MoreThe Use Of Imagery In Macbeth1428 Words   |  6 Pagesobjects, ideas, and actions using figurative language, in a way that appeals to our physical senses, Shakespeare was an expert at employing this tech nique in his works, with one of his most famous and renowned, Macbeth, using this device to perfection. Macbeth is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, illustrating the psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. Shakespeare utilizes imagery numerous times throughout the play, prompting the audience to think and create

Night By Elie Weisel Free Essays

To suffer, as defined in the dictionary, means to undergo or feel pain or great distress. Another way to say it is to sustain injury, disadvantage, or loss. And yet another way to definesuffering is to say to endure or be afflicted with something temporary or chronically. We will write a custom essay sample on Night By Elie Weisel or any similar topic only for you Order Now If they wereto ask Elie Wiesel what his definition of suffering was, he would have a lot to say and what hetold them would be more horrible than their wildest dreams. It is hard to relate to something ofthe magnitude of Elie’s suffering, without actually being there, but after reading his book I have awhole new understanding and sympathy for the Holocaust victims. Elie’s story took place while he was a very young boy, approximately 14. His friend(town beggar) Moshe, had been somewhat helping with his studies until all the foreigners wereforced to leave the town. Sneaking back in several weeks later Moshe told of the stories that hehad witnessed. They were gruesome accounts of what the Nazi’s were doing to innocentchildren. His stories were payed little attention, but soon the townspeople were being forced toleave and migrate towards ghettos. From there it was just waiting till they were moved by train tothe concentration camps. Once off the train, Elie and his father were separated from Elie’smother and sister, little did he know that he would never see them again. Through bribery andfriendships along the way he managed to stay close to his aging father. Little respect and evenless food was given to the captives while they performed labor intensive tasks in the quarries. During the day work was performed and if anyone was caught doing anything illegal the weremurdered in front of anybody to set an example of what would happen if an escape was tried. Throughout Elie’s horrific ordeal, he would always comment on the night. This wasfitting being the name of the book, but also because that is the time most of us do our reflection. It is time spent alone and it giving a chance to sort out your thoughts and be one with yourself. Nighttime was probably when reality set in. Elie would often compare himself and the othervictims to the trials that Job went through. If you remember, the book of Job did not explain the mystery of suffering but explored the idea of faith in the midst of suffering. It started out as adiscussion between Satan and God on the loyalty of his servants. Satan proposed that if he wereto take away all of Job’s values in life that he would indeed curse the name of God. God agreedto let Job be tested but his live could not be taken from him. So, Satan did take away every thingincluding his family, his house, and all of his livestock. Then to top it he afflicted Job with boilsand sores all over his body. Job had no idea all of this was being done to him but his friendsseemed to think that it was because he had done something wrong and God was punishing him forit. Elie felt the same way but at the end of Job’s story God tries to rectify Job’s life to the statefrom which it came. Elie was not as lucky. Elie’s health was deteriorating but his old father felt it worse. They were bothmalnourished but at Elie’s young age he could hold out a little longer. On January 29 were Elieawoke his father was gone. His father lack of health and old age was his downfall. The death ofhis father made Elie and stronger person with only his own well-being on his mind. He no longerhad to worry if his father was keeping up with the work or that he had enough food. He wasliving for himself. This new focused energy is what kept Elie from dying himself. Not too longafter his father’s death the Allies moved in and Elie and the few remaining prisoners wereliberated. This was a time of joy for some but also a time of sadness in remembrance of all whohad gone before them. Before reading this book I had a somewhat skeptic view of what exactly had taken placeduring the war. While reading this book I believed this man’s testimony 100%. It was beyond mycomprehension how something like this could have and did take place. The only thought that Ihad at the completion of this book was, what about the other victims (non-jews). I guess becausethis was only one man’s story and Jews were the only people he saw so that is what he wroteabout. This book really makes you think about all the freedoms that I (WE) take for grantedeveryday. I have learned to view the Holocaust in an all new perspective. How to cite Night By Elie Weisel, Essay examples

Saudi Aramco Organisational Innovation

Abstract This paper intends to look into the issue of innovation at Saudi Aramco. Progress is not merely based on the kind systems adopted by an organization. As for the case of Aramco, knowledge infrastructure has been understood to consist of technology, culture and structures. The importance of knowledge management in the organisation also needs to be backed by process architectures.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Saudi Aramco Organisational Innovation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such architectures should be able to facilitate acquisition, conversion and application of important organisational capabilities for the effective handling of the knowledge. Protection of the knowledge is another essential feature of these architectures. The main aim of intellectual capital and knowledge management need to be made clear through innovation in the organisation. Overview and Objective of Case Study Implementat ion of knowledge management systems, as well as utilisation of intellectual capital in organisations does not indicate performance or progress on their own. Knowledge infrastructure in Aramco, for instance, has been indicated to consist of technology, culture and structures. The usefulness of knowledge management in the organisation should also be backed by process architectures. The architectures should facilitate acquisition, conversion and application of important organisational capabilities for the effective management of the knowledge. Protection of the knowledge is another essential feature of these architectures. The ultimate results of intellectual capital and knowledge management should be made apparent through organisational innovation. The following study explores Saudi Aramco organisational innovation. The Concept of Organisational Innovation In the modern world, all business have to be aware of the term innovation and how they can apply it in their operations. According to Abdi and AmatSenin (2014), innovation entails creativity. Innovation involves taking action with regard to creative ideas. The successful execution of creative ideas within any particular organisation results to innovation (Dadfara, Dahlgaarda, Bregea Alamirhoor, 2013). The definitions reveal that creativity, whether by teams or individuals constitutes the initial point of innovation. One of the viewpoints manifests creativity as the first essential step to innovation while the second advocates for implementation. Although the first viewpoint is essential, the condition is not efficient for the latter.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Dadfara et al. (2013), innovation is fundamentally a management or organisational process. Under the diverse viewpoints, creativity is viewed as the foundation of innovation. The successful execution of creative ideas in a ny organisation is hence innovation. The viewpoints also reveal that although creativity can be exhibited by an individual, innovation, on the other hand, occurs under the context of an organisation only. The concept of organisational innovation generally means mechanisms employed by organisations in order to adapt to various conditions (Doroodian, et al., 2014). The changes can include competition and technological advancements. Organisations also seek to adapt to market expansion through newer systems, techniques and products. Consequently, organisational innovation is, â€Å"the tendency of the organization to develop new or improved products/services and its success in bringing those products/services to the market† (Gumusluoglu Ilsev, 2009, p.467). Usefulness is the inherent feature in innovation. It distinguishes innovation from invention as the latter does not necessarily have to exhibit practical application. In business organisations such as Saudi Aramco, the primar y desire is for innovations to make a contribution towards performance. Saudi Aramco’s Background and Focus of the Study Khursani, Bazuhair and Khan (2011) have indicated in their case study of Saudi Aramco that the company intellectual property and knowledge management systems are very extensive. One of the major reasons for the company investing in these systems is in order to develop the capabilities of the firm, chief among them being innovation. Company knowledge management systems such as ShareK, among others, have a great capability of driving the organisational innovation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Saudi Aramco Organisational Innovation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business organisations operating locally in Saudi Arabia or internationally have realised that the global environment presents them with challenging competition. The inclination towards competitiveness has resulted in the identification of innovation as being very crucial to profitability and survival in the information age. Saudi Aramco as one of these organisations has to ensure that innovation in not only a dynamic process but also iterative. The organisational innovation process should facilitate creation and identification of ideas, as well as their development. The outcome should be applied in the provision of services, processes, products, policies and structures that are new to the company. According to Khursani, Bazuhair and Khan (2011), ShareK utilised in Saudi Aramco has three major objectives. The initial purpose involved promoting partnership, to help improve abilitiy. The objective apparently seeks to have reduction concerning redundancy in efforts. Essentially, Saudi Aramco boasts of numerous technologies, databases and solutions which are linked through ShareK. Another objective entails harvesting of knowledge from the system, in order to extend the technology and tools used in the c ompany (Khursani, Bazuhair Khan, 2011). The overall desired outcome of ShareK is, however, increasing Saudi Aramco’s intellectual capital and performance improvement leading to operational excellence. Despite the developments, it is apparent that Saudi Aramco intellectual capital and knowledge management have concentrated on employees’ and talent development. Consequently, the organisation needs to harness the extensive benefits derived from these systems to advance organisational innovation. Organisational Innovation Flow in Saudi Aramco from Exploiting Data and Analytics The main aim investing on innovation capability is in order to set up the appropriate technologies, or production of commodities or services that respond to market needs adequately (Razavi Attarnezhad, 2013).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, innovation capability should also be able to enable an organisation responds to competitive conditions as well as unexpected technological developments. Apparently, the ability to respond and adapt to market dynamics relies on the speed and efficiency of an organisation to respond to changes. Read (2000), presents organisational innovation capability as a multifaceted development, that exhibits multiple aspects which both the managers and researchers need to have. Some of the dimensions of organisational innovation capabilities include learning, as well as research and development capabilities. Others include manufacturing, marketing, organisational, strategic and resource exploiting capabilities. The various innovation capabilities indicate that organisational innovation touches on all aspects of a firm’s operations. The range of these aspects is management process, human resource development, knowledge management, intellectual capital and market dynamics. Apparently, Saudi Aramco organisational inovation needs to be developed further, since the current company structure, culture and human capital are not enough. Organisational innovation capability can be enhanced by introducing several features into the company intellectual capital and knowledge management, and also in the operations function. The first area of improvement should be an organisational vision and strategy with a focus on the development of innovation in the company. Apparently, the present mission statement of the company addresses this requirement to a point. According to Khursani, Bazuhair and Khan (2011), the 2020 strategic mission is to be â€Å"the world’s leading integrated energy and chemicals company facilitating the Kingdom’s sustainable economic growth in a knowledge economy; and enabling a high-growth, vibrant Saudi energy sector.† The mission is a very significant step towards institutionalising innovation in Saudi Aramco. According to Razavi and Attarnezhad (2013), articulation of the common mission determines facilitates determination of the duration of innovativeness, leading to successful strategy formulation. Saudi Aramco strategy for innovation should discourage deviation of interest and attention towards realisation of this goal. For instance, Saudi Aramco has only embarked on development of a retail market for the company after being in the industry for numerous years. The company should in the future manifest innovativeness by being market leaders in terms of developing and investing in new markets. The recent initiative has perhaps been excited by the company’s enhanced intellectual capital and knowledge management developments. The second aspect in developing innovation capabilities in Saudi Aramco should be drawing on the competence-base. The concept implies the competence of an organisation in managing and allocating resources in an appropriate manner, to areas which facilitate innovative output. The know ledge management initiatives in Saudi Aramco attest to the level of organisational capabilities the company hopes to achieve. However, more needs to be done. According to Dadfara et al. (2013), firms are required to develop three fundamental perspectives of organisational innovative capabilities in order to harness the same. Organisations’ should encourage entrepreneurship and risk-taking through resources mobilisation at various degrees of the innovation process. Stimulation of innovation potential through various initiatives such as combining knowledge and resources and more investments should also facilitate innovativeness in the company. Saudi Aramco currently boasts of a very broad intellectual capital base. The company, however, needs to tap more into organisational intelligence to enhance competitiveness. Razavi and Attarnezhad (2013) define organisational intelligence as the capacity to process, encode, interpret, access and manipulate information. The process should be done in a manner which goal-directed and purposeful, in order to increase the organisation’s potential within the environment of operations. To facilitate innovation process through organisational intelligence in Saudi Aramco, the company should lessen potential uncertainty and ambiguity through intelligence surveillance. The company should learn about competitors as well as from its customers. Proactive competitive analysis, environmental scanning and technological forecasting should be carried out continuously. Ultimately, organisation intelligence should be useful in eliminating unprofitable ventures and identifying better options through utilisation of up-to-date information. Creativity enhancement and idea management are another essential aspects of enhancing organisational innovativeness in Saudi Aramco. Apparently, creativity has been immensely supported in the company, especially through the communities of practise (Khursani, Bazuhair Khan, 2011). The company shou ld however, further this initiative by allowing the unrealised, divergent and untested thinking. Also, radical ideas having the capability of creating new or transforming the existing businesses strategies should be acknowledge and acted upon. The consequence of these actions might be organisational innovation for the long-term. According to Razavi and Attarnezhad (2013), innovative ventures can be successfully implemented through either knowledge-driven or vision-driven idea management. According to Dadfara et al., (2013), innovative organisations allow their employees to by-pass rigid barriers by facilitating establishment of permeable and organic business boundaries. The structure of Saudi Aramco can be enhanced through rewards. Apparently, radical innovations and idea generation can be facilitated through individual rewards. Incremental innovations and implementation, on the other hand, relies heavily on group reward (Abdi AmatSenin, 2014). The reward structure in an organisati on thus plays a very significant role in the development of innovativeness. Creative firms’ create and establish motivating rewarding structures, which provide both financial bonuses and public recognition, among others. Although Saudi Aramco has also facilitated a culture of innovativeness therein, the company can do more to enhance this strength. Some of the factors concerning organisational culture and innovation that the company should focus on include tolerance towards ambiguity. Tolerance can be brought about by introducing manageable levels of uncertainty, controlling project milestones strictly and managing information effectively. Tight controls and tolerance should facilitate commitment from all the stakeholders in the innovation process. Under the organisational culture, employees should also be empowered by investing in them and respecting their exceptionalities and abilities. Communication and knowledge sharing should also be maintained, as is the case in Saudi A ramco. Cross-functional, hierarchical and technological sharing within the organisation as well as with external networks should be enhanced. Apparently, there is no doubt that Saudi Aramco is one of the most technologically competent organisations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The fact can be attested to by the full range of knowledge management and intellectual capital harnessing initiatives in the company. However, in order to meet the gross objectives of the business, technological competence should be enhanced. Apart from investing in the technological systems, Saudi Aramco should facilitate employees understanding of information technology. In addition, the fundamental factor here should be the integration of innovation and business strategies. Razavi and Attarnezhad (2013) postulate that research and development performance relies heavily on the effectiveness of the link between technology and business strategies. Technology competence has fundamental impact capability of e nhancing an organisation’s innovation capacity. Impact of Saudi Aramco Innovation Capability on Transformation of Saudi Arabia into a Knowledge-Driven Economy The various knowledge management initiatives undertaken in Saudi Aramco are in line with the national objective of transforming Saudi Arabia into a knowledge-driven economy. Apparently, Saudi Arabia is a commodity-driven economy, especially concerning oil and oil products. Considering that Saudi Aramco is a state-owned company, the firm is in a good position to offer a benchmark to others in the economy. The company offers a framework, as well as an example of the direction the government wants business firms’ in all the other sectors to embrace. Saudi Aramco is a position to manifest benefits of harnessing intellectual capital and knowledge management to other companies in the economy. The efforts in Saudi Aramco do not only suit the organisation’s operations but also propagate the overall national missio n and vision of being a knowledge-driven economy. Reflection on Contribution of Organizational Informatics Emergences of knowledge economies, technological advancements and high levels of non-price competition in businesses have led to innovation being the key to competitiveness. Technologically driven firms’ require being more innovative as well as pioneering in all aspects, for them to be sustainable. Organisational informatics is apparently the future of business firms. Economies as well as business institutions are becoming more knowledge-driven as opposed to being commodity-driven. The capability of an organisation to become more competitive and innovative depends on their ability to exploit the ever-growing market information. It is thus essential that all firms’ take stock of their intellectual capital and develop knowledge management systems suitable for their sustainability in future. Conclusion Realising such ambitious vision relies on organisations such as S audi Aramco to set the way. The intellectual capital base and knowledge management initiatives have the potential of making the company one of the best performing companies globally in the near future. With the implementation of the right concepts, the company can be sure of great success in the future. The management needs to put in place measures that will ensure the success of organizational innovation in order to realise immense growth. References Abdi, K., AmatSenin, A. (2014). Investigating the Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Innovation: Conceptual Framework. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 8(6), 686-691. Dadfara, H., Dahlgaarda, J., Bregea, S., Alamirhoor, M. (2013). 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International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (1), 226-232. Read, A. (2000). Determinants of Successful Organisational Innovation: A Review of Current Research. Journal of Management Practice, 3(1), 95-119. This case study on Saudi Aramco Organisational Innovation was written and submitted by user Wyatt Gibson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.